Touch display system and touch operation device are provided. An exemplary touch display system includes a touch operation device for emitting first non-visible light; and a touch display device including a touch screen and a touch detection module. The first non-visible light is able to heat up air around a contact point on the touch screen. The touch detection module is configured for determining a position of a light refraction occurred as a second non-visible light is incident on the air heated by the first non-visible light.