Disclosed is a method of operating a peer-to-peer (P2P) network management system, the method including generating a peer list in response to a request for the peer list from a request peer and sending a request for piece information corresponding to the peer list to a peer activity management server, the peer activity management server being configured to manage peer status information, receiving the piece information generated based on the peer status information from the peer operation server, generating a response message including the piece information and the peer list, and sending the response message to the request peer.