Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, improving, or treating postmenopausal osteoporosis in women, the composition including, as an active ingredient, scopolin, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein scopolin has good efficacy in stimulating osteoblast differentiation, and is also effective in inhibiting a reduction in bone density after menopause, low density in a bone microstructure, a reduction in a bone formation marker in the blood, and an increase in a bone resorption marker. Therefore, scopolin and the composition including the same as an active ingredient are expected to be useful as pharmaceutical preparations for the prevention, improvement, or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women.