A tank production system and method that can suppress peeling of normally wound fibers when fibers not wound at predetermined position are peeled off. The system includes a rotation unit that rotates a liner, a storage unit that has recorded thereon the number of revolutions of the liner, and a detection unit that detects abnormality in the position of the fibers wound on the outer periphery of the liner. The rotation unit, when abnormality in the position of the fibers is detected by the detection unit, refers to the number of revolutions of the liner recorded on the storage unit and rotates the liner in an opposite direction to the direction in which the fibers are wound, back to the number of revolutions of the liner at a point when the winding of fibers to form a fiber layer, which includes the fibers detected at the abnormal position, has started.