A scale is configured to measure a displacement or velocity of a rotating object. The scale includes a first region that includes a first mark row including a plurality of marks arranged in a first period, and a second region that includes a second mark row including a plurality of marks arranged in a second period having a phase continuity with the first mark row formed in the first region. A periodic mark row including the first mark row and the second mark row is formed over an entire circumference of the rotating object including the first region and the second region.