The present invention relates to a compression and shielding device (10) for X-ray mammography, an X-ray mammography system, and a method for X-ray mammography. The compression and shielding device (10) for X-ray mammography comprises a compression element (11), and a shielding (12). The compression element (11) is arranged to compress a part of the breast to be examined. The shielding (12) is to be arranged between an X-ray source (2) and the compression element (11) to shield an uncompressed part of the breast from the X-ray radiation. The shielding (12) is formed to allow the direction of X-ray radiation to the compressed part of the breast and to keep an uncompressed part of the breast uncovered.