The present invention relates to a heavy freight train marshalling device and marshalling method, and an electronically controlled pneumatic brake system; the latitude and longitude data of the carriage control unit is acquired by a Beidou positioning module; the first-vehicle state data of the carriage control unit is acquired by detecting a first-vehicle identification terminal; and, the carriage control units only need to transmit the acquired location data and the first-vehicle state data to the HEU via communication modules. Accordingly, the number of communication messages between the carriage control units and the HEU is decreased, the complicated process of connecting the carriage control units to or disconnecting the carriage control units from a switchable load is omitted, the marshalling time is shortened, and the complexity of marshalling is reduced.