A method for manufacturing a composite warm-keeping textile structure includes the steps of: applying an elastic gripper-puffing mechanism to perform puffing operations upon opened cotton fibers for forming at least one puffy fiber agglomerate; applying the elastic gripper-puffing mechanism to grab unit fiber agglomerates from the puffy fiber agglomerate and further to drop the unit fiber agglomerates onto a first cloth layer on an operational platform; vibrating the operational platform to have the unit fiber agglomerates to be evenly distributed over the first cloth layer, so that the unit fiber agglomerates are formed as a fiber agglomerate distribution layer adhered onto the first cloth layer; and, having a second cloth layer to cover the fiber agglomerate distribution layer, so that the first cloth layer and the second cloth layer clamps together the fiber agglomerate distribution layer in between to form the composite warm-keeping textile structure.