Disclosed are compositions and methods for treating a condition characterized by a dysregulation in macrophage lipid homeostasis. The disclosed methods may include the administration of an agent selected from a PPARγ agonist, a LXR agonist, or a combination thereof. In certain aspects, the disclosed methods may be used to prevent, treat, or ameliorate conditions such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and/or symptoms associated therewith.