A spray protection device (1) for a wheeled vehicle (20) having at least one wheel (21) standing on the ground, said device (1) comprising a spray shield (2), suitable for being arranged at least in part behind the wheel (21), and connection means (3) for connecting the shield (1) to said vehicle (20), the spray shield (2) presenting a face suitable for facing towards the wheel (21) to be protected and an opposite face, referred to as the “back” of the shield (2), the connection means (3) for connecting the shield (2) to the vehicle (20) being configured, when the shield (2) is coupled to the vehicle (20), to enable the shield (2) to move between a high position, at a distance from the ground, and a low position, close to the ground.The device (1) comprises resilient shield (2) return means in the high position and a surface carried by the shield (2) and suitable for being exposed to the airflow generated when the wheeled vehicle (20) is moving forwards, said surface being configured, under the action of said airflow, to enable the shield (2) to move in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the return force.