An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit, a container, and a calculator. The transfer unit transfers to at least one recording medium at least one toner image formed in accordance with image data without margins set along edges of the at least one recording medium. The container contains toner collected from the transfer unit. The calculator calculates an amount of the toner of parts of the at least one toner image outside the edges of the at least one recording medium. A time period during which the container is able to be used is calculated in accordance with an accumulated amount of the toner calculated by the calculator.