An anti-fouling (anti-pollution) coating material and a method of manufacturing a coating film are provided herein. The anti-fouling coating material has characteristics such as, but not limited to, an anti-fouling property, water repellency, oil repellency, and improved adhesion to a base material such as a lens. The anti-fouling coating material includes (a) a base material, (b) a low-reflectivity coating layer having a multilayer structure in which a silicon dioxide (SiO2)-containing layer and a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-containing layer are alternately stacked, (c) an anti-fouling coating layer that is formed on the low-reflectivity coating layer and includes an organic/inorganic composite material in which a silicon compound and a fluorine compound are linked to each other, and (d) an adhesion improving layer interposed between the base material and the low-reflectivity coating layer. The anti-fouling coating material is not readily detached to the surface of the base material such as a lens due to its superior adhesivity. Thus, the anti-fouling coating material can stably exert water repellency and oil repellency for a long time.