A method and a system for the vibration analysis of an engine, including acquiring vibration signals relating to the engine and in order to form at least one spectrogram that represents an operating state of the engine, selecting at least one zone of interest in at least one spectrogram, comparing each zone of interest with a set of corresponding comparison zones belonging to annotated spectrograms recorded in a reference database, and determining a subset of comparison zones that have vibration behaviors similar to those of the zone of interest, and displaying the subset of comparison zones and annotations associated with the subset of comparison zones.