Disclosed is a water purification device based on filter cartridge anti-counterfeiting identification, comprising a filter cartridge assembly (1), a booster pump (2) and a membrane filter assembly (3); a water inlet and a water outlet of the filter cartridge assembly (1) are connected respectively to a water supply pipe and the booster pump (2), the water outlet of the booster pump is connected to a water inlet of the membrane filter assembly (3). The filter cartridge assembly (1) and the membrane filter assembly (3) are respectively provided with an identification chip to be identified and paired with an identifier installed on the water purification device; the booster pump (2) is connected to the identifier; the identifier transmits a signal to propel the booster pump (2) to work only after the identification chips are identified and paired with the identifier.