According to embodiments, multi-axis magnetic sensors (magnetometers) are disposed in an array or a plurality of arrays. The magnetic sensors can be disposed on modules that form the array. The magnetic sensors can each sense a local magnetic field coincident with the respective sensors. Data corresponding to the local magnetic fields can be analyzed by a magnetic field analysis circuit and assembled to form an image corresponding to the sensed magnetic field(s). The magnetic field analysis circuit can output the image corresponding to near-field magnetic features.