Techniques are described for aligning optical components within a LIDAR assembly. The techniques may be performed to align the optical components during manufacturing or assembly of the LIDAR assembly. For example, a first optical element (e.g., one of a light source or light sensor) may be installed in the LIDAR assembly. An optimal alignment for a second optical element (e.g., the other of the light source or light sensor) may be determined and the second optical element may be installed at the optimal alignment. The optimal alignment for the second optical element may be determined based on detected signals, for example, which may correspond to an alignment resulting in a strongest return signal, highest quality return signal, and/or minimal interference. Additionally, or alternatively, techniques may be used to align optical components at runtime by using an actuator to move one or more components of the LIDAR assembly during operation.