A memory system may be provided. The memory system may include a memory apparatus including a plurality of memory cells. The memory system may include and a controller configured to control a write operation and a read operation with respect to the memory apparatus, detect an error occurrence position by performing the write operation and the read operation on a corresponding region of the memory apparatus in which an error occurs based on error occurrence address information generated in the read operation while changing a level of data to be written, and determine a type of error based on the detected error occurrence position.