The present disclosure discloses a vehicle on-board controller centered train operation control system, the control system comprises intelligent vehicle controllers (IVOCs) provided on respective trains, the IVOC comprises a vehicle-vehicle communication device, an active identification device and a master control device. With such control system, rear-end train or more serious accidents may be avoided in case that there is a train without communication equipment or with equipment failure operation in front, or an obstruction impeding train operation appears in front of the train. Further, the control system provided by embodiments of the present disclosure enables a train to operate with a relatively high speed under the premise of safe operation, and improves operation efficiency and reliability.