Provided are a thermoplastic polyurethane resin composition that achieves excellent flame retardancy, a conductor covering material having excellent characteristics, and manufacturing methods therefor. A thermoplastic polyurethane resin composition and a conductor covering material (20) according to embodiments of the present invention each include: 100 parts by weight of a resin component formed of 58.1 parts by weight or more and 73.9 parts by weight or less of a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, and 26.1 parts by weight or more and 41.9 parts by weight or less of core-shell polymer particles; and 42 parts by weight or more and 87 parts by weight or less of a phosphoric acid ester-based flame retardant.