A sound wave-based data sending method, apparatus, and electronic device, a sound wave-based data receiving method, apparatus, and electronic device, and a sound wave-based data transmission system. The sound wave-based data sending method includes: obtaining to-be-sent data; obtaining a sound wave frequency sequence corresponding to the to-be-sent data according to a preset sound wave frequency mapping table; generating a filtered sound wave signal sequence according to the sound wave frequency sequence and a preset sending duration, the sending duration being sending duration of a sound wave signal corresponding to a single character; and sending a sound wave signal corresponding to the to-be-sent data according to the filtered sound wave signal sequence. The method, apparatus, and electronic device of the present application provide an improved communication distance and identification accuracy.