A microphone boom structure includes a first and second end boom segments, and intermediate boom segments sequentially disposed between the first end boom segment and the second end boom segment. An end of the first end boom segment is hinged with an end of the adjacent intermediate boom segment, an end of the second end boom segment is hinged with an end of the adjacent intermediate boom segment, and the ends of two adjacent intermediate boom segments are hinged. An adjusting structure is provided between the first end boom segment and the adjacent intermediate boom segment, between the second end boom segment and the adjacent intermediate boom segment, and between the two adjacent intermediate boom segments. The adjusting structure includes an axial hole formed in a boom segment, an adjusting bar inserted into the axial hole, and an elastic compression member disposed between the axial hole and the adjusting bar.