A cell culture observation device and a cell culture observation method which observe a plurality of culture containers and perform operations for each culture container capture an image without blurring caused by the operations for the culture container and improve the throughput of processing for the plurality of culture containers. The cell culture observation device includes a cell observation unit 30 that observes cells in each of a plurality of culture containers in which the cells are cultured, an operating unit 20 that performs a plurality of operations for each of the culture containers, and an operation content determination unit 41 that determines the content of an operation which can be performed for culture containers other than a culture container to be observed while the culture container to be observed is being observed among the plurality of operations.