A method for at least one of characterizing, diagnosing, and treating an endocrine system condition in at least a subject, the method comprising: receiving an aggregate set of biological samples from a population of subjects; generating at least one of a microbiome composition dataset and a microbiome functional diversity dataset for the population of subjects; generating a characterization of the endocrine system condition based upon features extracted from at least one of the microbiome composition dataset and the microbiome functional diversity dataset; based upon the characterization, generating a therapy model configured to correct the endocrine system condition; and at an output device associated with the subject, promoting a therapy to the subject based upon the characterization and the therapy model.