Techniques are disclosed relating to unique device authentication via browser. In one embodiment, a server computer system receives, from a browser program executing on a client computer system, a request to authenticate to a private network. The server computer system causes a script to be downloaded to the client computer system, the script being executable by the browser program to establish a connection with a local host program executing on the client computer system. The server computer system receives, from the browser program, authentication information that is based on communication between the browser program and the local host program over the connection. The server computer system may then perform a process responsive to the request to authenticate the client computer system to the private network using the received authentication information. In some embodiments, the authentication information includes an identifier that uniquely identifies the client computer system within the private network.