The present disclosure relates to a mixture that includes a mediator having a first redox potential, a non-liquid active material having a second redox potential that is less than the first redox potential, and a cation. In addition, the non-liquid active material has a first condition that includes a first oxidation state, where the cation is intercalated within the non-liquid active material, and the non-liquid active material has a second condition that includes a second oxidation state that is higher than the first oxidation state, where the non-liquid active material is substantially free of the cation. In addition, the mediator has a first condition that includes a third oxidation state and a second condition that includes a fourth oxidation state that is higher than the third oxidation state. In addition, the non-liquid active material is capable of being reversibly cycled between its first condition and its second condition, and the mediator is capable of being reversibly cycled between its first condition and its second condition.