A memory controller includes a memory interface that is connected to a non-volatile memory that includes a plurality of memory cells, and a control unit. The control unit controls the memory interface to perform writing of data that has a first number of bits to a first memory cell in an n-bit write mode (where n is 2 or more), and when performing reading of the data written into the first memory cell, to control the memory interface to perform reading of data in an m-bit read mode (where m is less than n), as a result of which data that has a second number of bits which is smaller than the first number of bits, is returned from the first memory cell.