A computer-implemented method of deploying a cloud application comprises accessing, by one or more processors, a first factor graph that represents a first component of the cloud application, the first factor graph comprising a first set of nodes; accessing a second factor graph that represents a second component of the cloud application, the second factor graph comprising a second set of nodes; determining a third set of nodes that are present in both the first set of nodes and the second set of nodes; joining, by the one or more processors, the first factor graph and the second factor graph into a third factor graph, wherein the joining includes unifying the third set of nodes in the first factor graph and the second factor graph; based on the third factor graph, selecting computing resources; and deploying at least a portion of the cloud application to the selected computing resources.