The disclosed computer-implemented method for performing secure backup operations may include (i) identifying a group of backup servers with heterogeneous computing environments that provide backup services for a backup client, (ii) determining, for each backup server within the group, a trust level of the backup server by identifying at least one security characteristic of the backup server, (iii) deploying, on each of the backup servers, a signed certificate that enables the backup server to transfer backup data with a security level that corresponds to the trust level of the backup server, and (iv) performing secure backup operations for the backup client by (a) identifying a sensitivity level of a backup task initiated by the backup client and (b) assigning the backup task to a backup server within the group of backup servers that has a signed certificate with a security level appropriate for the sensitivity level of the backup task.