Digital data corresponding to a trace by a device is received. The digital data includes a set of values for each of a plurality of metrics. A set of derived values for the plurality of metrics are calculated from the sets of values corresponding to the metrics, and the set of derived values are compared to a machine learning model trained using a plurality of travel modes. A plurality of confidence scores for the derived values are calculated. The plurality of confidence scores correspond to the plurality of travel modes. In response to a confidence score for a first travel mode of the plurality of confidence scores for the plurality of travel modes meeting a threshold value for the first travel mode, the received digital data corresponding to the trace is labelled with the first travel mode.