A vibration actuator having a stationary element; a movable element that is supported elastically so as to enable vibration on the stationary element; and a driving source for causing reciprocating vibration of the movable element in relation to the stationary element, wherein: the movable element comprises an opposed face that opposes an opposing face of the stationary element; a magnetic fluid that has viscosity is filled into a gap between the opposing face and the opposed face and is attracted magnetically to at least either the opposing face or the opposed face; and on the other of the opposing face or the opposed face, a holding region for retaining the magnetic fluid is provided, and a lipophobic surface, for repelling the magnetic fluid is provided so as to surround the holding region.