The present invention relates to a method for patterning a metal nanowire-based transparent conductive film through surface treatment and, more particularly, to a method wherein the refractive index is adjusted by adding an optical functional layer prior to a patterning process, the surface of a metal nanowire transparent conductive film is oxidized using a surface treatment agent composition or a salt compound is generated, thereby changing the color and insulating the surface, and a film having excellent visibility is patterned.