A method and apparatus are provided for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a communication system. A method includes receiving an SRS configuration index among 10 SRS configuration indices for a 2 ms SRS periodicity of a time division duplex (TDD) system; identifying, based on the SRS configuration index, the 2 ms SRS periodicity, an uplink-downlink (UL-DL) subframe configuration that is applied in the TDD system, and at least one offset; and transmitting the SRS on at least one single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol in a radio frame, based on the UL-DL subframe configuration and the at least one offset. The at least one offset indicates a location of the at least one SC-FDMA symbol on which the SRS is transmitted.