A method for reporting an aperiodic channel state in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention, the method being implemented by a terminal, comprises: a step for receiving an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reporting request from a base station; and a step for calculating aperiodic CSI corresponding to the aperiodic CSI reporting request and transmitting the calculated aperiodic CSI to the base station via an uplink shared channel, wherein if the number of component carriers or CSI processes for the terminal exceeds a specific value, only uplink control information including the aperiodic CSI can be transmitted through the uplink shared channel under specific conditions.