Oil painting simulation techniques are disclosed which simulate painting brush strokes using a trained neural network. In some examples, a method may include inferring a new height map of existing paint on a canvas after a new painting brush stroke is applied based on a bristle trajectory map that represents the new painting brush stroke and a height map of existing paint on the canvas prior to the application of the new painting brush stroke, and generating a rendering of the new painting brush stroke based on the new height map of existing paint on the canvas after the new painting brush stroke is applied to the canvas and a color map.