One embodiment provides electronic device, which can include at least two organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). A respective OECT includes a conductive channel, a gate electrically coupled to the conductive channel via a first electrolyte, and source and drain electrodes separated from each other by the conductive channel. The electrochemical potentials of redox-couples of the at least two organic electrochemical transistors are different, thereby resulting in the at least two organic electrochemical transistors having different threshold voltages. An alternative embodiment can provide an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The OECT can include a conductive channel, a gate electrically coupled to the conductive channel via a first electrolyte, and source and drain electrodes separated from each other by the conductive channel. The gate can include a conductive current collector and at least one redox-couple. An electrochemical potential associated with the redox-couple varies in response to a stimulus.