Task-based data transmission comprises, at a user end, sending a data synchronization request related to a task to a server end, wherein the data synchronization request comprises information about the task and a data synchronization strategy corresponding to the task, and receiving data corresponding to the data synchronization request that is returned by the server end. At the server end, a data synchronization request related to a task can be received by a requesting end. Data corresponding to the data synchronization request is determined, and then the requested corresponding data can be returned to the requesting end. Data related to a task currently to be done by a user is acquired from a server end by using a task-related data synchronization request, so that the user can quickly and flexibly virtualize a working environment of the user related to the task.