Disclosed are an electronic device and a method of processing an audio signal by the electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor functionally connected to a speaker and a microphone; and a memory electrically connected to the processor. The memory includes instructions to cause the processor, when executed, to output a first audio signal through the speaker; identify that a second audio signal detected by the microphone corresponds to the first audio signal when the first audio signal is outputted through the speaker; and control output of the first audio signal based on the identification. Further, various other embodiments may be possible.