To provide a light-emitting element which emits light in a near-infrared range and has high efficiency and long life, and a light-emitting device, an authentication device, and an electronic apparatus, each of which includes this light-emitting element.A light-emitting element 1 of the invention includes an anode 3, a cathode 8, a light-emitting layer 5 which is provided between the anode 3 and the cathode 8 and emits light in a wavelength range of 700 nm or more by applying a current between the anode 3 and the cathode 8, and an electron transport layer 6 which is provided between the light-emitting layer 5 and the cathode 8, and includes a first electron transport layer 6b located on the cathode 8 side and a second electron transport layer 6a located on the light-emitting layer 5 side, wherein the first electron transport layer 6b contains a first anthracene-based compound, which has an anthracene skeleton and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic skeleton, and has an average thickness of less than 8 nm, and the second electron transport layer 6a contains a second anthracene-based compound, which has an anthracene skeleton but does not have a heterocyclic skeleton.