The present disclosure relates to a transmission/reception device, a transmission/reception method, and a program capable of improving a transmission characteristic in human body communication in both transmission and reception. The transmission/reception device used for human body communication includes three electrodes including a human body side electrode being in contact with a human body as a communication medium, a space side electrode provided on a space side, not a human body side, and a circuit board provided with a circuit. At this time, at the time of transmission, a switch between the space side electrode and the circuit board is turned off to make a three-pole electrode configuration having superiority in the transmission characteristic, and each electrode is caused to function as an independent electrode. On the other hand, at the time of reception, the switch between the space side electrode and the circuit board is turned on to electrically short-circuit the space side electrode and the circuit board, to cause the electrodes to function as a two-pole electrode configuration having superiority in the transmission characteristic. The present disclosure can be applied to a human body communication device.