The present specification relates to a method for transmitting and receiving data using non-orthogonal multiple access in a wireless communication system, which is performed by a base station, the method comprising: configuring a first modulation scheme and first transmission power for a first signal to be transmitted to a first terminal; configuring a second modulation scheme and second transmission power for a second signal to be transmitted to a second terminal; transmitting the first signal and the second signal through the same time-frequency resource; and transmitting, to the second terminal, control information related to the cancellation of interference caused by the first signal.