Time-varying hyperglycemic stresses are derived from actual ICU patients and applied to non-critically ill virtual patients, using any model of normal glucose-insulin physiology that fulfills certain requirements, in order to model and simulate stress hyperglycemia. Other aspects provide: 1) a methodology to perform sensitivity analyses of the parameters of ICU insulin infusion therapy protocols and to improve the protocols; and 2) a training system for clinicians about the course and management of stress hyperglycemia in the ICU or other facility.