The present technology relates to a receiving device, a receiving method, a transmitting device, and a transmitting method capable of handling various operation modes with high flexibility. Various operation modes in digital broadcasting using an IP transmission method can be handled with high flexibility by use of a service package unit which processes one or a plurality of components constituting a particular service of a plurality of services included in a broadcasting wave of the digital broadcasting using an IP transmission method, and a control signal transmitted by FLUTE session or UDP, in such a manner that the component or components and the first control signal are processed in units of service based on an IP address contained in each packet. The present technology is applicable to a television receiver, for example.