It is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding member, a rolling bearing, and a cage each having a sliding surface excellent in a sliding property thereof even in the presence of lubricating oil and under conditions of a high sliding speed and a high contact pressure. The sliding member is used under an oil lubrication environment and has a sliding layer formed on an iron-based metal material. The sliding layer consists of a foundation layer including heat-resistant resin and a first fluororesin layer both formed on a surface of the iron-based metal material. A second fluororesin layer is formed on a surface of the foundation layer. After the foundation layer and the second fluororesin layer are calcined, the second fluororesin layer is irradiated with radiation rays. The heat-resistant resin does not thermally decompose when the foundation layer and the second fluororesin layer are calcined.