Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) fbroad: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) fmiddle: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) fnarrow: 0.4% or more and 15% or less.