A power signal transmission structure and a design method are provided. The power supply signal transmission structure is adapted for a circuit board having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the power signal transmission structure includes a first power electrode, a second power electrode, and a plurality of vias. The first power electrode is disposed on the first surface and has a plurality of power pad regions for receiving a power signal. The second power electrode is disposed on the second surface. The vias penetrate the circuit board to electrically connect the first power electrode and the second power electrode. The vias are arranged in accordance with the current direction of the power signal to balance the current received by the vias.