The present technology relates to an encoding device, an encoding method, a decoding device, a decoding method, a program, and a wireless communication system that enable efficient transmission of frames in accordance with the condition of the transmission path.An encoding device of one aspect of the present technology encodes and modulates transmission data stored in a payload, and encodes and modulates modulation/encoding information by predetermined schemes, the modulation/encoding information indicating at least one of the schemes of encoding and modulation for stored information stored in a header, and at least one of the schemes of encoding and modulation for the transmission data. The encoding device also encodes and modulates the stored information by schemes indicated by the modulation/encoding information, and transmits a frame formed by attaching the header to the payload, the header being formed with a first region and a second region, the first region storing the modulation/encoding information, the second region storing the stored information. The present technology can be applied to devices that perform wireless communication using a 60 GHz band, for example.