A video data quality estimation method and apparatus are provided. The video data quality estimation method includes: obtaining a parameter used to obtain video quality of the video, where the parameter used to obtain video quality of the video includes at least one of a content complexity factor of the video, an average video frame impairment rate of the video, a sequence impairment rate of the video, or a packet-loss event frequency of the video; and obtaining quality of the video according to the parameter used to obtain video quality of the video.