An imaging apparatus includes a light source that emits pulsed light, a reflective encoding device, and an image sensor. The reflective encoding device includes first and second films each having light-transmitting property and light-reflecting property and a modulator disposed between the first and second films. The modulator includes modulation regions arrayed in one plane intersecting an optical path of the pulsed light and each modulating at least one of a degree of polarization, a phase, and an intensity of incident light. The image sensor receives light from a target and outputs one or more electric signals representing an image of the target on the basis of the light from the target. The reflective encoding device allows the pulsed light to undergo multiple reflection between the first and second films and allows a portion of the pulsed light to be emitted through the second film in multiple instances.