Disclosed is a novel peptide capable of preventing or treating ocular surface disease by inhibiting or improving pathological changes caused by neovascularization, opacification, fibrosis and inflammation of the cornea, the peptide having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and more particularly, provides a collagen type II α1-based peptide isolated from an animal chondrocyte cell-derived extracellular matrix and use thereof.