A method for wrong-way driver detection. The method includes a step of reading in position data via an interface, the position data representing a measured position of a vehicle, a step of reading in map data, which map a set of road elements of a road network negotiable by the vehicle, a step of determining a plurality of particles using the map data, one particle representing an assumed position of the vehicle and a weighting assigned to the assumed position, and a step of determining at least one road element from the set of road elements which is plausible with respect to a negotiation by the vehicle based on the plurality of particles, using a particle filter.